What Are Dental Caries?

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, are damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth. These spots can turn into tiny holes or larger openings. In fact, dental caries are one of the most common health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly everyone will have dental caries at some point. Although dental caries can affect anyone, children, teens, and older adults are at higher risk. Early treatment is important because untreated dental caries can cause pain, infection, or even tooth loss.

Causes of Dental Caries

Dental caries develop when bacteria in your mouth make acids that attack your tooth enamel. Over time, these acids break down the enamel and form cavities. Several factors increase your risk of dental caries. For example, eating sugary foods or drinks often can speed up tooth decay. Poor brushing and flossing habits also allow plaque to build up. In addition, dry mouth, certain medical conditions, and not getting enough fluoride can make dental caries more likely.

Frequent snacking on sugary foods

Poor oral hygiene

Dry mouth or low saliva

Not using fluoride toothpaste

Worn dental fillings or devices

Symptoms of Dental Caries

At first, dental caries may not cause any symptoms. However, as the decay gets worse, you may notice signs. For instance, you might feel tooth pain or sensitivity. Sometimes, you can see visible holes or pits in your teeth. In other cases, you may notice brown, black, or white spots on the tooth surface. If the decay reaches the inner part of the tooth, you could feel pain when eating sweets, hot, or cold foods.

Toothache or pain

Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods

Visible holes or pits in teeth

Stains on the tooth surface

Pain when biting down

How Dental Caries Are Diagnosed

Usually, dentists can spot dental caries during a regular check-up. They may use a small mirror to look for spots or holes. Sometimes, they will gently probe your teeth to check for soft areas. In addition, dental X-rays can help find cavities that are not visible to the eye. Early diagnosis is important because it helps prevent further damage. If you notice any dental caries symptoms, you should visit your dentist soon.

Treatment Options for Dental Caries

Treatment for dental caries depends on how severe the decay is. If caught early, your dentist may suggest fluoride treatments to help repair the enamel. For small cavities, a filling is often used to restore the tooth. In more advanced cases, you might need a crown or root canal. If the tooth is badly damaged, it may need to be removed. Your dentist will explain the best treatment for your situation.

Fluoride treatments for early decay

Dental fillings for small cavities

Crowns for larger areas of decay

Root canal if the decay reaches the tooth pulp

Tooth extraction for severe cases

Prevention Tips for Dental Caries

Preventing dental caries is possible with good oral care. First, brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Next, floss daily to remove food and plaque between teeth. Also, limit sugary snacks and drinks. Drinking water with fluoride can help protect your teeth. Regular dental check-ups are important, too. In some areas, you can ask your dentist about dental caries prevention programs. These steps can help keep your teeth healthy and strong.

Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste

Floss every day

Limit sugary foods and drinks

Drink fluoridated water

Visit your dentist regularly

When to See a Dentist

If you notice any signs of dental caries, such as tooth pain or sensitivity, make an appointment with your dentist. Early treatment can prevent more serious problems. Even if you do not have symptoms, regular dental visits are essential for good oral health. Your dentist can spot early signs of tooth decay and suggest the best ways to prevent dental caries.

For personalized advice on preventing and treating dental caries, consult Dr. Olivia’s Dental and Aesthetic Care today.